LINGUISTICA GENERAL UNIDAD II

LENGUISTICA GENERAL

UNIDAD II

An individual is a person independent of others, an autonomous being that is defined by its rational capacity and will power. Every human being has a name and surnames that exemplifies the unique and unrepeatable personal essence of any human being, but the individual concept is the term used to refer to a person in a generic way, ie not to someone in particular. Society shows how individual people on an individual level establish relationships with one another by creating groups of individuals, for example groups of friends. Every person is individual because he has the ability to make decisions for himself in a freeway thanks to his intelligence and his will.

Definition of Group: A group is formed by a set of people who play specific and reciprocal roles, who act according to norms, values and ends that were previously agreed to their formal formation to maintain the continuity and stability of the same in a society. Insofar as man is a social being, the constitution of a group of belonging becomes indispensable. Formal groups are those that are defined by a company, classes in a school or university, members of a team of athletes, etc.

Society is a group of people who relate to one another, according to certain rules of legal and customary organization, and who share the same culture or civilization in a certain space or time. On the other hand, societies have a broad capacity for growth at the individual level. This means a sustained and geometric increase of population and all that implies: rational and irrational consumption of raw materials and energy, an excessive generation of pollutant waste in all its forms are enough as an example.

Convention two or more people make a decision after a debate. They have come to a joint agreement and decide what they are going to do. And that particular decision is what they have agreed upon. The agencies that regulate the activities have to opt for those rules or conventions more suitable for the purposes that they aim to achieve. The idea of the debate is to delimit what are natural things and which belong to the conventional, that is, to the agreement of men.

Conduct the term can be used as a synonym for behavior, since it refers to the actions that a subject develops in front of the stimuli he receives and the links that he establishes with his environment. being is very frequent that within what is the emotional intelligence are established three different types in the first place there is talk of what is called aggressive behavior, which is what those people who are characterized by trying to satisfy their needs, who enjoy the feeling of power, who like to be right, who have the ability to humiliate others and are often energetic. The second type of behavior established is the liability are characterized by having them are shy people, who hide their feelings, have a sense of insecurity and inferiority, who do not know how to accept compliments, who do not have much energy to do anything and that others take advantage of them very easily. Assertive behavior is the third type their main signs of identity are those who always fulfill their promises, who recognize both their defects and their virtues, feel good about themselves and make others feel good, respect the rest and always achieve their goals.

Knowledge is the capacity of man to understand by reason the nature, qualities and relations of things. The term knowledge indicates a set of data or news that you have of a subject or science. Likewise, knowledge refers to a person with whom you have a relationship or a treatment but without having a friendship, Knowledge originates through sensory perception, then to understanding and ends in reason. various types of knowledge such as; mutual knowledge is a type of knowledge that shares two or more people, theological knowledge is the knowledge relative to God that is reached through the acceptance of divine revelation, artistic knowledge is one that communicates ideas, thoughts and feelings, intellectual knowledge is the faculty of the human being that distinguishes it from animals, cultural knowledge is when an organization uses terms, procedures, agreed internally.

Cognitivism is a current of psychology that specializes in the study of cognition (the processes of the mind related to knowledge). Cognitive psychology, therefore, studies the mechanisms that lead to the development of knowledge, the construction of knowledge involves several complex actions, such as storing, recognizing, understanding, organizing and using information that is received through the senses. Cognitivism seeks to know how people understand the reality in which they live from the transformation of sensory information. Knowledge helps people develop plans and set goals, minimizing the odds of experiencing a negative consequence. Cognitivism seeks to know how people understand the reality in which they live from the transformation of sensory information.

Constructivism it is a type of current that can be presented in the world of art, pedagogy or philosophy, among other areas. Constructivism is related to the idea of creating or building. constructivism is the model that maintains that a person, both in the cognitive, social and affective aspects of behavior, is not a mere product of the environment nor a simple result of their internal dispositions, but a construction of their own that is being produced day by day as a result of the interaction of these two factors. Consequently, according to the constructivist position, knowledge is not a copy of reality, but a construction of the human being, this construction is done with the schemes that the person already has (previous knowledge), or with what he already built in its relation with the environment that surrounds it.

language is a communication system, formed by words and / or gestures, which is characteristic of a community. When these systems have the characteristic of mutual intelligibility, they speak of dialect or of the linguistic variety of the same language. most current education systems, learning a language can mean a challenge impossible to overcome for certain people. In the particular case of language teaching, there is the extra risk of learning from a person who is not native to the place; as a consequence, it is likely that their students will experience vices and confusion, othing can be compared to direct contact with a country, its people, its customs, the incredible diversity of accents and idioms that exist in many cases, the different uses of the words; academic learning is important, but without complementing it with reality, it is simply a deception.

Dialect refers to a variation of the main language of the language, which is used more locally. Dialects that share the same grammatical characteristics (not necessarily pronunciation and vocabulary) are described as local, with their closest linguistic forms. Dialects are linked to linguistic variety and, therefore, to linguistic diversity. Dialects are, in fact, particular ways of speaking or writing a particular language.

 Traditional grammar is the main discipline for any type of study on languages and their internal norms. By means of the grammar, relations are established between the different parts of the sentences, and it is possible to understand how the language works, what components form it, how they are used, and why. Grammar is not univocal and can not be addressed in a single way. On the contrary, there are different grammars, which serve different purposes. Traditional grammar is the most basic of all. In the field of university and academic study, the traditional grammar remains the most accessible and the most clear is able to provide those who start their grammar studies with basic tools and tools.

The structuralism is such that it turns out to be one of the most used options to analyze the culture, the language and even the society of a determined community, the general idea of the structuralism of this author is to understand the elements that make up the language as systems or structures related to each other. The structuralism of Saussure comes to be a method of understanding a reality, be it language, society or ethnology.

It is a model of grammar that has specific rules and principles so that the speaker can understand, speak and produce all the sentences of his own language. It is characterized by being a school opposed to the American structuralism of Bloomfield. Here we show the syntagmatic relations, that is to say the grammatical functions like concordance and function of the words.

Functionalism is a school of social sciences, whose origin dates back to the 1930s. functionalism is born in England and then goes to the United States refers to how the human mind works, finding in response the adaptation of people to their environment in their thoughts and behaviors, as their own. The most important criticism of functionalism is that it can not explain social change, since any conflict within society is considered to be anti-functional. If in a society there is a predominance of dysfunctional actions, the social system is unbalanced, for which they must revitalize their institutions (family, school, religious and political structures) as they have failed.